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MySQL有多种安装方式：编译安装、二进制发布包安装。我想大家的第一反应是使用二进制安装，选择针对当前系统发布的二进制直接安装就行，比编译安装简单得多。但编译安装有它的好处：
可针对当前系统进行优化；
定制需要的引擎；
定制安装目录，可多版本并存;
定制各种默认参数。
那多实例有什么用途呢？在业务早期，系统的访问量较小，许多模块的读写操作不频繁，从节约成本的角度和系统以后的扩展性考虑，会在一台物理机中部署多个MySQL实例，不同的模块使用不同的实例，如果其中某个模块的读写量不断上升，到达一定程度后再将它使用的实例迁移至另外的服务器。
一、环境
RedHat 5.x / CentOS 5.x
GCC 4.1.2
二、安装MySQL 解压 1
tar -C build -zxvf mysql-5.5.43.tar.gz
编译安装 1、配置。1
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543 -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543/mysql-5543.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_CSV_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_HEAP_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MYISAMMRG_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_NDB_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_NDB_TEST=ON -DWITH_READLINE=1
2、生成可执行文件。
3、安装到指定目录。
三、多实例配置 说明：创建两个实例，实例1使用端口19826，实例2使用端口19836。
结构说明 说明：
data - 存放数据文件：数据，索引，二进制日志（bin log），重放日志（replay log）。
log - 存放日志文件：慢查询日志，错误日志。
tmp - 存放临时文件：进程ID文件。
my.cnf - 实例配置文件。
配置实例19826 1、新建目录。1
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cd $MySQL_DATA_DIR
mkdir data19826
cd data19826
mkdir data log tmp
2、创建系统配置文件。1
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[client]
default-character-set = utf8
port = 19826
socket = /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
port = 19826
socket = /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/tmp/mysql.sock
datadir = /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/data/
log-error = /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/log/mysql.err
pid-file = /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/tmp/mysql.pid
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
log-bin = /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/data/mysql-bin
relay_log = /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/data/relay-bin
binlog_format = mixed
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/log/slowquery.log
long_query_time = 1
general_log = off
general_log_file = /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/log/general.log
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
3、初始化实例，生成MySQL系统数据库信息。1
./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543 --defaults-file=/home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543/data/data19826/my.cnf --user=nieyong
MySQL在终端输出如下提示信息：
Installing MySQL system tables...
150512 16:41:35 [Note] /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.43-log) starting as process 27522 ...
OK
Filling help tables...
150512 16:41:36 [Note] /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.43-log) starting as process 27528 ...
OK
。。。 。。。
配置实例19836 1、新建目录。1
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cd $MySQL_DATA_DIR
mkdir data19836
cd data19836
mkdir data log tmp
2、创建系统配置文件。19826都改成19836。
3、初始化实例，生成MySQL系统数据库信息。1
./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543 --defaults-file=/home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543/data/data19836/my.cnf --user=nieyong
四、启动实例 1、启动实例19826。1
./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543/data/data19826/my.cnf &
2、启动实例19836。1
./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543/data/data19836/my.cnf &
3、查看MySQL各实例进程信息。1
ps -ef | grep mysqld | grep -v grep
系统显示如下进程信息：
nieyong 28452 26805 0 17:34 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/my.cnf
nieyong 28857 28452 0 17:34 pts/2 00:00:00 /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/my.cnf --basedir=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543 --datadir=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/data/ --plugin-dir=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/lib/plugin --log-error=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/log/mysql.err --pid-file=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/tmp/mysql.pid --socket=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19826/tmp/mysql.sock --port=19826
nieyong 28886 26805 0 17:36 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19836/my.cnf
nieyong 29291 28886 0 17:36 pts/2 00:00:00 /home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19836/my.cnf --basedir=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543 --datadir=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19836/data/ --plugin-dir=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/lib/plugin --log-error=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19836/log/mysql.err --pid-file=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19836/tmp/mysql.pid --socket=/home/nieyong/local/mysql-5543/data/data19836/tmp/mysql.sock --port=19836
五、配置权限 实例19826 1、修改的root用户的密码并且限制只能本机登陆。1
./bin/mysqladmin -S /home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543/data/data19826/tmp/mysql.sock -u root -h 'localhost' password 'new-password'
注：将new-password替代成实际的密码。
2、使用root用户登陆。1
./bin/mysql -S /home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543/data/data19826/tmp/mysql.sock -u root -p
3、查看数据库信息。
实例19836 1、修改root用户的密码并且限制只能本机登陆。1
./bin/mysqladmin -S /home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543/data/data19836/tmp/mysql.sock -u root -h 'localhost' password 'new-password'
注：将new-password替代成实际的密码。
六、停止实例 实例19826 进入MySQL安装目录，执行如下命令：1
./bin/mysqladmin -S /home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543/data/data19826/tmp/mysql.sock -u root -p shutdown
实例19836 进入MySQL安装目录，执行如下命令：1
./bin/mysqladmin -S /home/nieyong/local /mysql-5543/data/data19836/tmp/mysql.sock -u root -p shutdown
